Variable declaration

While the two terms are often used synonymously, there is a difference between variable declaration and variable initialization.

What is declaration?

Declaration is the process of creating a variable.

When we declare a variable, we essentially create it. We don't give it a value, only say that it exists.

Of course, it will be given some sort of initial value, as it allocates the memory and there must be something at that memory location. It's just that most programming languages will give the variable a value such as undefined, null or possibly through a 'variable not defined' error or exception if you try to access the data. Other languages like C may just return garbage data if you try to access its value.

Example: declaration and initialization in C

int a;         // declaration: we create the 'a' variable
a = 72;        // initialization: we give 'a' a value
char b = 'b';  // declaration and initialization